Ultrasonic diagnostic instrument
With the continuous development of b-type ultrasound imager for liver specimen imaging, the first generation of single-probe slow scan B-type tomography imager has been applied in clinical practice. The second generation of rapid mechanical scanning and high – speed real-time multi-probe electronic scanning ultrasonic tomography scanner appeared. Generation, computer image processing as the leading automation, a higher degree of quantization of the fourth generation of ultrasonic imaging equipment into the application stage. At present, ultrasonic diagnosis is developing toward specialization and intelligentization.
Ultrasonic tomography has developed very rapidly in recent years, and more advanced instruments are put into clinical application almost every year. Therefore, there are many kinds of instruments, and different structures for different purposes. At present, it is difficult to find an ultrasonic tomography instrument that can describe the overall structure of these various instruments. In this paper, we can only give a brief introduction to this kind of diagnostic equipment by taking real – time B – mode ultrasonography as an example.
The basic principle of
B-type ultrasonic diagnostic instrument (referred to as B-ultrasound) is developed on the basis of A-ultrasound, and its working principle is basically the same as a-ultrasound, but also the use of pulse echo imaging technology. Therefore, its basic composition is also composed of probe, transmitting circuit, receiving circuit and display system.
The difference is:
① The amplitude modulation display of B ultrasound is changed to brightness modulation display of A ultrasound;
② The time base depth scanning of B-ultrasound is added in the vertical direction of the display, and the process of scanning the subject by acoustic beam corresponds to the displacement scanning in the horizontal direction of the display;
③ In every link of echo signal processing and image processing, most of B-ultrasound uses special digital computer to control the storage and processing of digital signal and the operation of the whole imaging system, which greatly improves the image quality.
Scope of application in clinical diagnosis
B-type real-time imager is used for diagnosis based on the characteristics of the fault image, mainly including image morphology, brightness, internal structure, boundary echo, overall echo, viscera rear condition and surrounding tissue performance, etc. It is widely used in clinical medicine.
1. Detection in obstetrics and gynecology
Can display fetal head, fetal body, fetal position, fetal heart, placenta, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirth, mole, anencephaly, pelvic mass, etc., can also estimate the number of gestation weeks according to the size of fetal head.
2, the outline of the internal organs of the human body and the detection of its internal structure
Such as liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, pancreas, bladder and other shapes and internal structures; Distinguish the nature of mass, such as infiltrating diseases often have no boundary echo or the edge is not gas, if the mass has a membrane, its boundary echo and smooth display; It can also display dynamic organs, such as the movement of heart valves.
3. Tissue detection in superficial organs
Exploration and measurement of alignment of internal structures such as eyes, thyroid gland and breast.
Post time: May-14-2022